课程内容

《语法专题-动词及动词词组》
一、动词 verb
1.实义动词（notional verb),又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的位于。分为：
及物动词vt:本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整
不及物动词vi:自身意思完整，无需接宾语
We study English . 我们学习英语。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
2.连系动词（linking verb):连西主语和表语，说明主语的状态、性质特征或身份等。
（1）表示特征或状态
*be,seem,appear,
*look,sound,feel,taste,smell
(2)表示保持某种状态
*continue,keepmremain,stand,prove,stay,turn out
The meeting turned out to be successful.
(3)表示状态变化
*become,get,grow,turn,fall,come,go,run
Wrong never comes right.
The river runs dry.
3.助动词（auxiliary verb)一般无实际意义，只是帮助构成谓语，表示时态，语态，语气等，或构成疑问或否定句，如have,do,shall,will
Britan told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time,didn't he?
I do want to help you.
4.情态动词（modal verb):有一定意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to 的动词不定式（ought)一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气或情态。
can/could-be able to
may/might
must-must not;have to
need
should/ought to
dare
shall
will/would
二、动词短语

英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。
Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children,
In order to catch up with the advanced countries,we must keep learning.
动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时，其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
1.动词+副词
The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in1930 he came to Shanghai.
When you turn on the TV set,clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen.
注意：在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之前。而如果宾语时代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。
You can take the magazine out of the reading room.
2.动词+介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语置于介词后面。
That fashion which differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport,give me a ring.
3.动词+副词+介词
这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，其宾语置于介词之后。
We must work hard to make up for lost time.
You are walking too fast I can't keep up wih you.
4.动词+名词
这类短语词语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make 等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。
He cautht sight of an old friend when he was shopping.
Take hold of the rope and you will climb up.
5.动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。
Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.
What the teacher says has great effect on the pupils.
6.be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义。
I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.
It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively.
高考连接
（2012辽宁卷）26.Rod loves(A )clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.
A taking apart     B giving away    C making up   D turning off
(2012全国Ⅱ）12.We (C) to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A set sbout     B set up    C set out    D set down
答案 C
解析：此处set about 开始做...后接名词、动名词；set up 建立；set out 开始做....后接不定式
set down 写下，记下
根据to paint 可知选set out
句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面部分。
（2012江西卷）24.I've (C）the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A come into   B gone into    C got into    D run into
答案:C 
考点：考察动词词组搭配
解析：come into 进来，go into 进去  get into形成  run into 撞到
本句句意：在我从学校回家的路上，我已经养成了打电话黑窝祖父母的习惯。
（2012全国新课程）35 If she doesn't want to go,nothing you an say will (A)her.
A persuade    B promise    C invite   D support
(答案）A
（解析）此处persuade 说服，promise 许诺，invite 邀请， support 支持，句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不能说服她
（考点定位）考查动词词义辨析。
（2012全国新课程）27，Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can (B )almost every word her teacher says.
A put  out   B put down   C put away   D put together
答案：B
解析：此处put out 熄火，put down 记下，写下：put away 收拾，把东西放好；put together 放在一起
句意：Mary 非常擅长在课上记笔记。她能把她的老师说的每个词写下来。
（2012安徽卷）28.The athlete's years of hard training (C)when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A went on   B got through   C paid off   D ended up
答案 C
本题考察动词词组，pay off 有很多含义：
1.付清某人的工资并解雇他 偿清欠款等等
2.对某人或某事进行报复
3.使人得益，有报偿
4.贿赂
（2012湖北卷）24.I'm so glad you've come here to (B)this matter in person.
A lead to     B see to    C turn to   D refer to
B
(解题思路）句意为：很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。
B 项意为“负债”，符合句意；A项意为“导致”《C 项意为“向...求助”，D 项意为“参考”，都与语意不符。