课程内容
Unit 8《Have you read Treasure Island yet?》（Section A Grammar Focus-4c）
Grammar Focus
| Have you read Little Women yet? | Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. |
| Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? | Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic. |
| Have you decided which book to write about yet? | Yes, I have. I've already finished reading it. It was really good. |
现在完成时的构成
助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词
注：has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。
用法：
1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already，before、yet、never、ever等状语连用。例如：
①I have never heard of that before.
②Have you ever ridden a horse?
③She has already finished the work.
④Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤I've just lost my math book.
2、现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
一段时间的表达方法有两种：
for+一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
since 过去的某一时刻 since nine since last week
一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home
注意：for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间。对其提问都用How long。
（3）have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
·have/has been (to)表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
·have/has gone (to)表示“已经去某地了”，说话人此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。
试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿）
现在完成时与一般过去时有何区别呢？请看。
3、现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)
我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.)
我上周打扫了我的房间。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。
They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。
注意：现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语（如：yesterday，last year，in 1976，two days ago，just now，when she came in等）连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语（如：already，yet，ever，never，sometimes，always，often，before，once，twice，recently，lately等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：today，this morning，this week，this year等）连用。
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语
A、表示从过去一直持续到现在，不能是具体的过去时间。
（1）for+表示一段时间的短语
（2）since+表示过去时间点的词语
（3）since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
B、just，already，yet，before/ever，never有此类副词时，常强调动作完成，不强调动作的持续。
already“已经”；yet“仍然，还”
这两个副词常常用于完成时态，其中already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：Jim has already finished his work.
Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn't come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。
Haven't you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
She has already finished her work.
她已经把工作做完了。
I haven't read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。
Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？
Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。
比较：
I have seen him this morning.
我上午看见他了。（说话时在上午）
I saw him this morning.
今天上午我遇见了他。（说话时可能是下午或者晚上）
It has been cold this winter.
今天冬天一直很冷。（说话时仍是冬天）
当堂巩固
-- Will you go shopping with me now?
-- Sorry, I can't. I ______ my shirts.
A. wash B. have washed
C. washed D. am washing
How long have you ______ the magazine?
About a week.
A. found B. borrowed C. received D. had
______ you ______ the film Harry Potter 5?
Not yet. I will see it this Sunday.
A. Did, see B. Are, seeing
C. Have, seen D. Do, see
How is Ann? I ______ her for a long time.
A. don't see B. won't see
C. didn't see D. haven't seen
Hasn't Betty come yet?
No, and I ______ for her for nearly 2 hours.
A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
Is Mr Baker at home?
Sorry, he isn't in. He ______ Dalian for vacation.
A. has gone B. went C. is going D. goes
Mr Zhang is a teacher of rich experience. He ______ English for 20 years.
A. has taught B. will teach
C. teaches D. taught
-- How many times have you ______ to Xi'an?
-- Three times.
A. been B. went C. gone D. go
I won't forget my teacher because she ______ so kind to me since I came to this school.
A. has been B. will be C. was D. is
-- I will return the book to Mary, but I can't find her anywhere.
-- She ______ the teacher's office. You can find her there.
A. has left B. has away from
C. has gone to D. has been to
You have ______ my dictionary for two weeks.
Sorry, I will give it back to you right now.
A. lent B. borrowed C. kept
-- ______ you ______ out the problem, Sam?
-- Not yet, but I am going to.
A. Did, work B. Are, working
C. Have, worked D. Will, work
-- What are you going to do this Saturday?
-- I ______ yet.
A. haven't decided B. won't decide
C. am not decided D. didn't decide
How long ______ the film ______ when you got there?
A. has begun B. had begun
C. has been on D. had been on
Mr Green ______ Beijing since three years ago.
A. has come to B. went to
C. had lived in D. has been in
He ______ our school for two weeks.
A. left B. has left C. has been away from
-- My father ______ Shanghai with my grandparents.
-- Really? ______ will they come back?
A. has been to, How soon B. has gone to, How soon
C. has been to, How long D. has gone to, How long
She ______ that same song so many times. I'm getting sick of it!
A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. has sung
-- Mike, you ______ the magazine since last week. Can you return it now?
-- Sure.
A. borrowed B. hava borrowed C. have kept
改写句子
1. My father came back from the bookshop just now.
My father ____ just ____ ____ the bookshop.
2. He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He ____ ____ Chinese since 2001.
3. The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ since two minutes ago.
4. He has had the motorbike for two years.
It's two years ____ he ____ the motorbike.
He ____ the motorbike two years ____.
Two years ____ ____ since he ____ the motorbike.
4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.
1. A: Would you like something to drink?
B: No, thanks. ______________. (just/drink some tea)
2. A: I heard you lost your key.
______________? (find)
B: No, not yet.
3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving?
B: ______________. (already/leave)
A: When ______________? (leave)
B: This morning.
4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight?
B: No. ______________. (already/see the film)
5. A: What do your parents think about our plan?
B: I ______________. (not/tell them/yet)
4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Sally ______(love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She ______ already ______(read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world ______(be) like in 50 years. She ______(finish) reading a book about robots last week and ______(write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she ______(not read) yet and she can't wait to read them!
4c. Complete the chart with information about you and a friend.
A: What books have you already read?
B: I've already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.
A: What do you think of them?
B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.
Exercise
给出下列各词的过去式和过去分词形式。
come came come
go went gone
live lived lived
stay stayed stayed
eat ate eaten
drink drank drunk
sing sang sung
dance danced danced
draw drew drawn
run ran run
write wrote written
read read read
have had had
选择
1. I _____ heard of that story before.
A. don't have B. not have C. have not D. not to have
2. She's never been to that factory, _____?
A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she
3. Have you made dumplings _____? No, I haven't.
A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before
4. Tom _____ ill since last night.
A. was B. is C. has been D.be
5. How long have you _____ Nanjing?
A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to
6. How many times has Jim _____ that park? Twice.
A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to
7. I've _____ this dictionary for half a year.
A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed
8. She won't go to the cinema this evening because she _____ the film before.
A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing
二、翻译
1、她成为一名护士已经三年了。
2、我五年前就认识李雷了。
3、那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）
4、我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。
5、我刚丢了我的历史书。
三、同义句
1. I borrowed the library book two days ago.
I _____ _____ the library book _____ two days.
2. The meeting started ten minutes ago.
A. The meeting _____ _____ _____ _____ ten minutes ago.
B. The meeting _____ _____ _____ _____ ten minutes.
3. My brother joined the Party last year.
A. My brother _____ _____ _____ the Party since last year.
B. My brother _____ _____ _____ party member since last year.
4. He left Nanjing two years ago.
He _____ _____ _____ _____ Nanjing for two years.
5. That dog died last month.
That dog _____ _____ _____ dead since last month.
6. He has had the bike for two years.
A. Two years _____ _____ since he _____ the bike.
B. It's _____ _____ since he _____ the bike.
C. He _____ the bike two years _____.
Homework
Try your best to learn more about the usage of has/have done. Then make conversations with the books' name in this unit.
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史老师
女，中教中级职称
在教育教学过程中，潜心研究教学理论，不断探索创新，积累了丰富的教学经验，逐步形成了新颖独特的教学方法。
